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The NIE is Spain's personal identification number for foreigners. It is required for many legal, tax, property, banking and business transactions, but it is not itself a residence permit or proof of tax residence.
What the NIE is — and is not
A NIE identifies a foreign person in dealings with Spanish authorities and remains assigned permanently.
The white NIE certificate does not grant a right to live or work in Spain and should not be confused with EU registration or a TIE card.
Who can apply and where
Applications may be made in Spain through the competent police or immigration office, through a Spanish consulate abroad, or by an authorised representative where accepted.
The applicant must demonstrate an economic, professional or social reason, such as a property transaction, inheritance, company matter or employment-related procedure.
Documents and evidence
Names, passport details and the stated reason must be consistent across EX-15, the appointment and supporting evidence.
Valid passport or EU identity card
Completed EX-15 form
Evidence explaining why the NIE is required
Modelo 790 fee receipt
Power of attorney and representative documents if applicable
Application, fee and collection
The official fee is normally paid using Modelo 790 código 012 before or in accordance with the office's instructions.
Some offices issue the certificate immediately while others require later collection or electronic notification.
Practical risks and individual review
Incorrect appointments, weak proof of purpose, unpaid fees or a power of attorney without the necessary wording are common causes of rejection.
Requirements, appointment availability and administrative practice can differ by province and personal circumstances. We check the current competent authority and the evidence required before submission.
Useful official resources
Official requirements, fees and procedures can change. The competent authority and current rules are checked for each individual case.
Questions about NIE Number in Spain
Is a NIE a residence permit?
No. It is an identification number only.
Can I apply from outside Spain?
Often yes through the Spanish consulate responsible for your residence, subject to its procedure.
Does the NIE expire?
The number is permanent, although a certificate may need to be recent for a particular transaction.
Can a representative apply?
Sometimes, with a sufficiently specific notarised power and the documents required by the office.
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Important: This page provides general information and does not replace individual legal, tax, labour, medical or technical advice. Authorities decide applications and disputes independently. Requirements and practice may change.