English
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Deutsch Applying for Spanish Citizenship
Spanish nationality by residence is not merely a residence renewal. The applicant must prove the required period of legal, continuous residence immediately before filing, civic conduct and sufficient integration, then complete the post-approval oath and Civil Registry stage.
Residence periods and eligibility
The general residence period is ten years, but shorter periods apply to refugees, nationals of certain countries and specific family or personal situations. Time must normally be legal, continuous and immediately prior to the application.
Student stay status does not automatically count in the same way as legal residence. Absences, late renewals and changes of status require careful review.
Good civic conduct and integration
The Ministry considers criminal and police records, compliance with obligations and the applicant's overall conduct. Integration is commonly demonstrated through Instituto Cervantes examinations unless an exemption or dispensation applies.
CCSE constitutional and sociocultural knowledge test
DELE Spanish-language test where required
Possible exemptions based on nationality or circumstances
Review of Spanish and foreign criminal records
Documents for the application
The exact file depends on nationality, marital status, birth, family links and the reduced residence period relied upon.
Valid passport and TIE/residence evidence
Full birth certificate
Criminal-record certificates
Empadronamiento and residence history where relevant
Marriage, birth or Spanish-relative certificates
Proof of examinations or exemption
Payment of Modelo 790 code 026 fee
Electronic filing and follow-up
Applications can be filed electronically through the Ministry of Justice platform. Foreign documents may require legalisation or apostille and sworn translation.
After filing, the Ministry may request additional documents. Electronic notifications and deadlines must be monitored.
Approval, oath and Civil Registry
Approval does not by itself complete the acquisition. The applicant must make the oath or promise within the applicable period, complete the Civil Registry inscription and then obtain Spanish identity documents.
Nationality, renunciation declarations and effects on another nationality should be reviewed individually.
Useful official resources
Official requirements, fees and procedures can change. The competent authority and current rules are checked for each individual case.
Questions about Applying for Spanish Citizenship
Does every applicant need ten years of residence?
No. Spanish law provides shorter periods for several defined categories.
Does time as a student count?
A student stay is not generally treated identically to legal residence for nationality purposes; the history must be reviewed.
Can I apply online?
Yes. The Ministry of Justice provides an electronic nationality-by-residence procedure.
What happens after approval?
The oath or promise, Civil Registry inscription and later DNI/passport steps must still be completed.
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Important: This page provides general information and does not replace individual legal, tax, labour, medical or technical advice. Authorities decide applications and disputes independently. Requirements and practice may change.